SQL Server: cluster index vs non cluster index

A clustered index alters the way that the rows are stored. When you create a clustered index on a column (or a number of columns), SQL server sorts the table’s rows by that column(s). It is like a dictionary, where all words are sorted in alphabetical order in the entire book.

A non-clustered index, on the other hand, does not alter the way the rows are stored in the table. It creates a completely different object within the table that contains the column(s) selected for indexing and a pointer back to the table’s rows containing the data. It is like an index in the last pages of a book, where keywords are sorted and contain the page number to the material of the book for faster reference.

It is generally faster to read from a clustered index if you want to get back all the columns. You do not have to go first to the index and then to the table.

Writing to a table with a clustered index can be slower, if there is a need to rearrange the data

Reference:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5070529/difference-between-clustered-and-nonclustered-index

SQL Server: Standard Date Format for SQL Server

Standard Date Formats
Date Format	Standard	SQL Statement	Sample Output
Mon DD YYYY 1  HH:MIAM (or PM)	Default	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), GETDATE(), 100)	Jan 1 2005 1:29PM
MM/DD/YY	USA	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 1) AS [MM/DD/YY]	11/23/98
MM/DD/YYYY	USA	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 101) AS [MM/DD/YYYY]	11/23/1998
YY.MM.DD	ANSI	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 2) AS [YY.MM.DD]	72.01.01
YYYY.MM.DD	ANSI	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 102) AS [YYYY.MM.DD]	1972.01.01
DD/MM/YY	British/French	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 3) AS [DD/MM/YY]	19/02/72
DD/MM/YYYY	British/French	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 103) AS [DD/MM/YYYY]	19/02/1972
DD.MM.YY	German	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 4) AS [DD.MM.YY]	25.12.05
DD.MM.YYYY	German	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 104) AS [DD.MM.YYYY]	25.12.2005
DD-MM-YY	Italian	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 5) AS [DD-MM-YY]	24-01-98
DD-MM-YYYY	Italian	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 105) AS [DD-MM-YYYY]	24-01-1998
DD Mon YY 1	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(9), GETDATE(), 6) AS [DD MON YY]	04 Jul 06 1
DD Mon YYYY 1	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), GETDATE(), 106) AS [DD MON YYYY]	04 Jul 2006 1
Mon DD, YY 1	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 7) AS [Mon DD, YY]	Jan 24, 98 1
Mon DD, YYYY 1	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), GETDATE(), 107) AS [Mon DD, YYYY]	Jan 24, 1998 1
HH:MM:SS	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 108)	03:24:53
Mon DD YYYY HH:MI:SS:MMMAM (or PM) 1	Default +  milliseconds	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(26), GETDATE(), 109)	Apr 28 2006 12:32:29:253PM1
MM-DD-YY	USA	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 10) AS [MM-DD-YY]	01-01-06
MM-DD-YYYY	USA	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 110) AS [MM-DD-YYYY]	01-01-2006
YY/MM/DD	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 11) AS [YY/MM/DD]	98/11/23
YYYY/MM/DD	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111) AS [YYYY/MM/DD]	1998/11/23
YYMMDD	ISO	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(6), GETDATE(), 12) AS [YYMMDD]	980124
YYYYMMDD	ISO	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 112) AS [YYYYMMDD]	19980124
DD Mon YYYY HH:MM:SS:MMM(24h)1	Europe default + milliseconds	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(24), GETDATE(), 113)	28 Apr 2006 00:34:55:190 1
HH:MI:SS:MMM(24H)	-	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), GETDATE(), 114) AS [HH:MI:SS:MMM(24H)]	11:34:23:013
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS(24h)	ODBC Canonical	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE(), 120)	1972-01-01 13:42:24
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS.MMM(24h)	ODBC Canonical  (with milliseconds)	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(23), GETDATE(), 121)	1972-02-19 06:35:24.489
YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS:MMM	ISO8601	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(23), GETDATE(), 126)	1998-11-23T11:25:43:250
DD Mon YYYY HH:MI:SS:MMMAM 1	Kuwaiti	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(26), GETDATE(), 130)	28 Apr 2006 12:39:32:429AM1
DD/MM/YYYY HH:MI:SS:MMMAM	Kuwaiti	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(25), GETDATE(), 131)	28/04/2006 12:39:32:429AM

Here are some more date formats that does not come standard in SQL Server as 
part of the CONVERT function. 

Extended Date Formats
Date Format	SQL Statement	Sample Output
YY-MM-DD	SELECT SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120), 3, 8) AS [YY-MM-DD]  SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 11), '/', '-') AS [YY-MM-DD]	99-01-24
YYYY-MM-DD	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120) AS [YYYY-MM-DD]  SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 111), '/', '-') AS [YYYY-MM-DD]	1999-01-24
MM/YY	SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 3), 5) AS [MM/YY]  SELECT SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 3), 4, 5) AS [MM/YY]	08/99
MM/YYYY	SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 103), 7) AS [MM/YYYY]	12/2005
YY/MM	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(5), GETDATE(), 11) AS [YY/MM]	99/08
YYYY/MM	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(7), GETDATE(), 111) AS [YYYY/MM]	2005/12
Month DD, YYYY 1	SELECT DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), GETDATE(), 107), 9)  AS [Month DD, YYYY]	July 04, 2006 1
Mon YYYY 1	SELECT SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), GETDATE(), 113), 4, 8) AS [Mon YYYY]	Apr 2006 1
Month YYYY 1	SELECT DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + ' ' + CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(4)) AS  [Month YYYY]	February 2006 1
DD Month 1	SELECT CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' ' + DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) AS  [DD Month]	11 September 1
Month DD 1	SELECT DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + ' ' + CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2)) AS  [Month DD]	September 11 1
DD Month YY 1	SELECT CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' ' + DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + ' '  + RIGHT(CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(4)), 2) AS [DD Month YY]	19 February 72 1
DD Month YYYY 1	SELECT CAST(DAY(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(2)) + ' ' + DATENAME(MM, GETDATE()) + ' '  + CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR(4)) AS [DD Month YYYY]	11 September 2002 1
MM-YY	SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 5), 5) AS [MM-YY]  SELECT SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(8), GETDATE(), 5), 4, 5) AS [MM-YY]	12/92
MM-YYYY	SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 105), 7) AS [MM-YYYY]	05-2006
YY-MM	SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(7), GETDATE(), 120), 5) AS [YY-MM]  SELECT SUBSTRING(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 120), 3, 5) AS [YY-MM]	92/12
YYYY-MM	SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(7), GETDATE(), 120) AS [YYYY-MM]	2006-05
MMDDYY	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 1), '/', '') AS [MMDDYY]	122506
MMDDYYYY	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 101), '/', '') AS [MMDDYYYY]	12252006
DDMMYY	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 3), '/', '') AS [DDMMYY]	240702
DDMMYYYY	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 103), '/', '') AS [DDMMYYYY]	24072002
Mon-YY 1	SELECT REPLACE(RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(9), GETDATE(), 6), 6), ' ', '-') AS  [Mon-YY]	Sep-02 1
Mon-YYYY 1	SELECT REPLACE(RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), GETDATE(), 106), 8), ' ', '-') AS  [Mon-YYYY]	Sep-2002 1
DD-Mon-YY 1	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(9), GETDATE(), 6), ' ', '-') AS [DD-Mon-YY]	25-Dec-05 1
DD-Mon-YYYY 1	SELECT REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(11), GETDATE(), 106), ' ', '-') AS [DD-Mon-YYYY]	25-Dec-2005 1

SQL Server

to change seconds to date use DATEADD function ie dateadd(s,run_start_time,'19700101')
NVL in ocl is used as ISNULL here and TRIM function won't be applicable to SQL Server.
Length function in Orcl is used as len(column_name)

SELECT ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.CorrelationToken))),-1) CorrelationToken,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.EventID))),-1) EventID,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.FlowPath))),-1) FlowPath,
       R.run_start_time,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.flow_response))),-1) flow_response,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.flow_return_code))),-1) flow_return_code,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.wasResolved))),-1) wasResolved,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.RBATimedOut))),-1) RBATimedOut,
       ISNULL(UPPER(ltrim(rtrim(R.RBAFinished))),-1) RBAFinished
  FROM RBA_Invocation_History  R
Where dateadd(s,run_start_time,'19700101') $$CDC_filter